一种顾及各向异性的数字水深模型插值方法     

陈轶  彭认灿  张立华  郑义东  董箭  李宁 《海洋测绘》2011,31(5):31-33

提出了一种顾及各向异性的数字水深模型插值方法,通过局部水深信息解析海底地形的微地貌结构特征,构建了顾及距离和方向的水深插值模型.实验证明,所提方法较距离反比例平方加权法能更多地保留地形信息,同时具有更高的插值精度和插值稳定性.  相似文献   

Geometry of two glacial valleys in the northern Pyrenees estimated using gravity data     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2015,347(1):13-23

We estimate using gravity data the thickness of post-glacial unconsolidated sediment filling two major glacial valleys in northern Pyrenees: the Gave de Pau valley between Pierrefitte-Nestalas and Lourdes, and the Garonne valley between Saint-Béat and Barbazan. One hundred and eighty-four new gravity data complete 74 measurements obtained from the International Gravimetric Bureau database. Negative residual anomalies resulting from the presence of small-density unconsolidated sediment approach 4 mgal in both the Gave de Pau and the Garonne valleys. Estimating the sediment thickness requires knowing the density contrast between Quaternary sediments and the underlying bedrock. Supposing this density contrast is 600 kg/m³, the maximum estimated thickness of post-glacial sediment is ∼ 230 and 300 meters, and the volume of sediment is 2.1 and 3.2 km³ in the Gave de Pau and Garonne valleys, respectively. In both valleys, the depth of Quaternary sediment suddenly increases at the confluence between two major glacial valleys (Gave de Pau – Gave de Cauterets, and Garonne – Pique confluences). Overdeepened basins are less deep downstream when approaching terminal moraines (Lourdes and Barbazan area), illustrating that the efficiency of glacial erosion depends on the ice flux flowing through valleys.  相似文献   

江苏启东地区发现浅层天然气气源层与晚更新世末期古土壤层——据江苏1:5万余东镇等七幅区调   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

冯文立  季文婷  冯金顺  张平  郭盛乔  程瑜  赵增玉 《中国地质调查》2015,2(2):56-60

江苏东南部启东地区开展的1∶5万区域地质调查工作已经完成野外工作验收,通过整理分析新获取的地质资料,发现工作区内"下切河谷"地区地表下46~59 m处普遍存在棕黄色、灰绿色、灰黑色"硬黏土层",厚度2~10 m不等;局部地区钻孔岩心剖面在本层顶部表现为明显的古土壤层,见根痕构造、钙质结核等暴露成土特征,其下部可见灰黑色富有机质、植物碎屑的粉砂质黏土层。古土壤层的发现证明了本区在末次盛冰期并不完全为下切河谷地区,更新了前人对测区晚更新世末期沉积地层的认识;而厚度0.5~2 m不等的富有机质、植物碎屑的粉砂质黏土层为本区浅层天然气提供了气源。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000905     

Petar Gliovi  Alessandro M.Forte 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(1):3-22

Although there has been significant progress in the seismic imaging of mantle heterogeneity,the outstanding issue that remains to be resolved is the unknown distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in the distant geological past that give rise to the present-day anomalies inferred by global tomography models.To address this question,we present 3-D convection models in compressible and self-gravitating mantle initialised by different hypothetical temperature patterns.A notable feature of our forward convection modelling is the use of self-consistent coupling of the motion of surface tectonic plates to the underlying mantle flow,without imposing prescribed surface velocities(i.e.,plate-like boundary condition).As an approximation for the surface mechanical conditions before plate tectonics began to operate we employ the no-slip(rigid) boundary condition.A rigid boundary condition demonstrates that the initial thermally-dominated structure is preserved,and its geographical location is fixed during the evolution of mantle flow.Considering the impact of different assumed surface boundary conditions(rigid and plate-like) on the evolution of thermal heterogeneity in the mantle we suggest that the intrinsic buoyancy of seven superplumes is most-likely resolved in the tomographic images of present-day mantle thermal structure.Our convection simulations with a plate-like boundary condition reveal that the evolution of an initial cold anomaly beneath the Java-Indonesian trench system yields a long-term,stable pattern of thermal heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle that resembles the presentday Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces(LLSVPs),especially below the Pacific.The evolution of subduction zones may be,however,influenced by the mantle-wide flow driven by deeply-rooted and longlived superplumes since Archean times.These convection models also detect the intrinsic buoyancy of the Perm Anomaly that has been identified as a unique slow feature distinct from the two principal LLSVPs.We find there is no need for dense chemical ’piles’ in the lower mantle to generate a stable distribution of temperature anomalies that are correlated to the LLSVPs and the Perm Anomaly.Our tomography-based convection simulations also demonstrate that intraplate volcanism in the south-east Pacific may be interpreted in terms of shallow small-scale convection triggered by a superplume beneath the East Pacific Rise.  相似文献   

Dynamic morphology of small south‐eastern Mediterranean river mouths: a conceptual model     

Michal Lichter  Micha Klein  Dov Zviely 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(4):547-562

River mouths along the Israeli Mediterranean coast are characterized by a dynamic morphology as their channels migrate hundreds of meters along the coast. This study examines the dynamic morphology of seven such river mouths. It offers a conceptual model aimed at generalizing and describing their spatial and temporal morphological patterns, and the environmental factors influencing them. The study methodology comprised a detailed monitoring and mapping by GIS techniques, with quantitative data derived from historic aerial photographs, river discharge records, wave measurements, and a digital elevation model. These data were incorporated into a homogenous database and subsequently applied in the investigation of the morphological patterns of these mouths, and the analysis of their influencing factors. River mouths in this study occur in two distinctive topographic settings. In one setting (here termed barrier topography) the river mouth is deflected alongshore by a sandy barrier. In the second setting (termed funnel topography) the river mouth is confined to a funnel‐shaped topographic depression perpendicular to the coast. The behavior of river mouths in these two settings is quite distinctive. Barrier mouths usually migrate over larger distances, as they tend to deflect along a sand barrier and establish semi‐permanent channels along the dune toe. This enables the wide range migration of semi‐permanent channels over decades. Funnel topography mouths deflect over shorter distances and they rapidly migrate within the funnel boundaries. This study concludes that the topographic setting of the beach, a constant element in the temporal scale of this study, is the primary influencing factor on the morphology of the mouths studied. The influence of other factors on the morphology of these mouths differs in space and time and depends on the topographic settings.  相似文献   

平面SV波在层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的散射   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

巴振宁  梁建文 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(3):18-26

采用间接边界元方法求解了入射平面SV波在层状半空间中沉积谷地周围的散射问题.问题的解答包含自由场和散射场两部分.自由场可由直接刚度法求得,散射场由层状半空间中斜线荷载动力格林函数来模拟.文中以入射平面SV波在基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地周围散射为例研究了土层和沉积谷地周围的影响.结果表明,由于考虑了土层的动力特性,平面SV...  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of a sediment-filled valley with a fluid layer subject to incident waves     

Wen-I Liao 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(2):175-185

The diffraction of elastic waves by a sedimentary valley in a homogeneous elastic half-space is studied in this paper. The sediment-filled valley is composed of a fluid layer over a soft soil deposit whose characteristics may be significant and should be carefully considered when designing long span bridges with high piers. The method of analysis adopted in the paper is to decompose the problem into an interior region and an exterior region. In the exterior region, the scattered wave fields are constructed with the linear combinations of two independent sets of Lamb’s singular solutions, i.e., the integralsolutions for two concentrated surface loads in two directions; and their derivatives are used to represent the scattered wave fields. A technique is proposed to calculate the integrals in the wave-number domain based on the method of steepest descent. For the interior region, the wave fields for the fluid layer and soft soil deposit are expressed in terms of wave functions which satisfy the equation of motion. The continuity condition at the interface of the media is satisfied in the least square sense. The effects of geometric topography, soil amplification and fluid layer subject to different types of incident harmonic plane waves are analyzed and discussed..  相似文献   

基于多波束声纳数据与反射模型的水下地形重建     

顾晨  黄微  李先华 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):80-82

利用多波束声纳数据重建水下地形,构建高空间分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)对于在复杂水下区域的物质勘探、目标检测等方面有重要实用意义.然而,多波束声纳系统直接获得的测深数据空间分辨率有限本文基于多波束声纳系统采集的稀疏测深数据(空间位置)和密集回波强度数据(图像性质)来构建水下复杂地形高空间分辨率数字高程模型.利用采集的...  相似文献   

海底入射角对多波束反向散射强度的影响及其改正   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

金绍华  翟京生  刘雁春  崔高嵩 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,36(9):1081-1084

综合考虑测船姿态、声线弯曲和海底地形对入射角的影响,推导了计算多波束海底入射角的实用模型。根据Lambert法则,改正海底入射角对反向散射强度的影响。实例计算结果表明,所述模型能精确地计算波束在海底的入射角,有效地改正其对反向散射强度的影响。  相似文献   

青藏高原河谷地区历史时期耕地格局重建方法探讨——以河湟谷地为例   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

罗静  陈琼  刘峰贵  张镱锂  周强 《地理科学进展》2015,34(2)

青藏高原受其特殊自然地理环境条件的限制,耕地主要分布在自然环境条件相对优越的河谷地区,人为因素对耕地分布范围的作用和影响极其微弱,尤其是在历史时期生产力水平较低的前提下,耕地的空间分布主要取决于土地的宜垦程度。本文将影响青藏高原河谷地区耕地分布的因子按其性质分为限制性因子和非限制性因子,并以此为基础排除了高原河谷地区不适宜耕作的地区,在适宜耕作的地区根据土地的宜垦程度,按"先优后劣"的原则将历史时期的耕地数据分配到空间上。选取青藏高原农业发展历史悠久的河谷地区之一河湟谷地作为实例,重建该区1726年耕地空间格局。将重建结果与已有的M模型重建结果进行对比分析,两者重建的耕地在空间分布上呈现出一致性,但重建结果在垦殖范围与垦殖强度上存在一定的差异;M模型的重建主要是以现代耕地分布格局为基础重建,忽略了现代耕地空间分布受现代农业技术的影响;而本文模型则是从低生产力水平前提下影响历史时期耕地分布的因子出发,重建结果更具合理性。  相似文献